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Ma Yun'S View On Rural Education: How Far Is The Way To Build A Boarding School?

2020/1/17 11:59:00 149

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"I get up at 6 o'clock every day to go to school and walk for two or three hours. In some places, the road is very narrow, and I fall into the pond carelessly." On the forum of president's leadership recently held by Ma Yun public welfare foundation, a hard picture of school went to micro-blog.

This is not fiction. In Huanglian primary school, Hua Shan township, Zhenxiong, Zhaotong, Yunnan, nearly 200 children go to school on foot, most of them are left behind children. The farthest home is 14 kilometers from school, and more than 60 thousand steps are required to go to school and school every day. Get up in the morning at 5 in the morning, take a torch and flashlight to take the mountain road, and go back to school at three or four p.m.

After retirement, Ma became a spokesperson for rural education. Two years ago, he called for the abolish of small rural schools under 100 people to replace the standard rural boarding schools. There was a public outcry at that time. After all, more than a decade ago, after the massive evacuation of schools in the country, safety problems such as school bus accidents and traffic accidents appeared, which made the education sector rethink the advantages and disadvantages of merging rural schools.

However, in the forum of principals' leadership, Ma once again expressed support for the rural education and school system. "And the school is not a whole thing, it involves a series of matching, good boarding environment, life teachers' outfit, extracurricular activities set up, and soul care".

How to balance the layout of small rural schools and boarding schools in villages and towns has become a practical problem in developing rural education. In addition, many principals interviewed by the economic report reporters in twenty-first Century think that promoting rural education development should be taught in accordance with their aptitude instead of blindly learning from the experience of the city.

"Hollow" rural schools

Wang Ze, a post-90s rural teacher from Yunnan, boasts like Hu Ge. He likes to listen to Jay Chou and play the "club". 9 years ago, Wang Ze was attracted by terraced fields in Yuanyang, Yunnan, and became a local teacher.

He set up a broadcasting station at school to enable students to learn Putonghua. He set up a small stage for the children, so that the Yi children who could sing and dance had more space to show themselves. After that, the school built a library. More and more changes have taken place in this rural primary school.

"Children do not necessarily have to score 100 points, but it is important to have happiness and dreams. Small mountain village also has a big stage, and small mountain villages have big dreams. " Wang Ze told reporters on twenty-first Century economic report.

Qinghai province full palm Township Tibetan primary school 4500 meters above sea level, winter temperature more than 20 degrees below zero, so far not through water and electricity. At present, there are more than 500 students in this school, which was only 220 220 years ago.

In an interview with the economic news reporter in twenty-first Century, Ben Mato Jay, a principal, said that rural education must be targeted. Some Tibetan literature poor children, music, sports or art were surprisingly gifted. Only children's confidence can stimulate their interest in learning.

Hainan province Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County, the principal of the school of Wan Ling, is from Gansu, who has been teaching for 21 years. "When I first arrived in Hainan, I thought the scenery was picturesque, but I didn't think the school was foolish. Nearly 100 acres of campus, only 81 students. There are chicken circles, duck circles, and pig farms with ten pigs. " Bao Rui recalled to his twenty-first Century economic report reporter his original shock. In addition to the bad environment, the teacher also did not care about teaching. More than 30 teachers in the whole school did not come down all day outside the mahjong table outside the school.

"I think the first thing to be solved is the teacher's problem. In appearance, correct appearance and appearance is like a teacher. In the heart, let them have a dedicated heart." To this end, Bao Rui even encouraged students and parents to report mahjong teachers. Later, he promoted the spiritual growth of teachers through teaching and staff reading system. Experts are invited to come to school to broaden their horizons.

Prior to this, the school examination results have been the countdown to the county, the first year of the school, the average score and the growth rate of the comprehensive index ranked first in the county.

Lou Zhaohui, principal of Hangzhou Tian Chang primary school, believes that we should cultivate and discover the educational individuality of every teacher and form a team's fighting capacity, which can be tried by rural primary schools. To highlight the individualization of education, teachers and students can be helped to discover their own strengths.

A famous school principal pointed out to the twenty-first Century economic report reporter: "rural education should teach students in accordance with their aptitude, give students more choices on the road, they can go to university entrance examination, go to vocational technical schools, or learn technology, and come back to build the countryside in the future."

Boarding system breaks the short board of Education

In 2018, a photo of Wang Fuman, an ice flower boy from Yunnan Province, once again aroused the concern of the rural left behind children. The picture of Wang Fuman was thin and full of silver ice cream. In order to go to school, he had to walk nearly 10 kilometers every day.

Many rural educators who attended the forum of principals' leadership pointed out that it is important to promote the construction of boarding schools in view of the outstanding phenomenon of rural left behind children.

Data show that as of the end of 2017, there were 107 thousand rural small schools (less than 100 rural primary schools and teaching sites), accounting for 44.4% of the total number of rural primary schools and teaching sites, and 3 million 847 thousand students, accounting for 5.8% of the total number of pupils in rural areas. There are 9 million 346 thousand boarding students in rural primary schools, accounting for 14.1% of the total number of pupils in rural areas.

As a short board of Chinese education, the relationship between rural schools and boarding schools is still hard to balance. How to rationalize the withdrawal of rural schools? How to replenish teachers? How to protect students' living environment?

Take one detail as an example, the current standard of teacher student ratio in primary schools in China is 1:19.5, that is, 19.5 students are equipped with a teacher. If there are only a few children in a township teaching point, they can not be matched with "zero point" teachers. Therefore, there are still some problems in personnel arrangement in practice.

The directive issued by the State Office in May 2018 on the comprehensive strengthening of the construction of small rural schools and boarding schools in villages and towns (hereinafter referred to as the Guiding Opinions) clearly stated that by 2020, the short board of two kinds of schools should be basically filled to further revitalize the rural education, and the layout of the two schools would be more reasonable. The conditions for running schools should reach the basic educational standards set by the province, the system of funds input and use will be more perfect, the education and teaching management system will be more perfect, and the allocation of teachers in urban and rural areas will be basically balanced.

In the past two years, the Ma public welfare foundation has supported boarding reforms in 9 rural schools throughout the country, and has merged 11 teaching points. "We are working with professionals from all walks of life to explore new standards for the construction and management of boarding schools. We hope to create some successful cases that can be replicated, and finally promote them throughout the country." Hu Haiquan, a famous musician and lakeside student of the three term, was also involved in the project. However, in the course of practical operation, many of the ideas that were taken for granted could not work in front of reality.

He said frankly that there should be a lot of concrete work in reforming a school. It includes the soft and hard mattress of children sleeping, the height of dining table, the color of dormitory wallpaper and the height of children's outdoor sink.

Ma Yun, Executive Secretary General of the public welfare foundation of the, told the media reporters in twenty-first Century economic report that the construction of boarding schools is far more difficult than they imagined. On the whole, there are such problems as excessive project management mode, low output and low reproducible results. "We are still exploring, and we hope more social resources will be added."

She disclosed that the next step would be to change the strategy from a pilot school to a pilot county, for example, in some remote areas, boarding schools in the same county.

School miniaturization is inevitable.

Two years ago, Ma had called for the abolish of small rural schools under 100 people to replace the standard rural boarding schools. There was a public outcry at that time.

On the forum of principals' leadership, Ma once again said, "I can not imagine two or three teachers and seventy or eighty children to provide quality education." He expressed his strong support for the rural education and school system, which is impossible for every county and village, but how much it can be.

However, the large-scale withdrawal and merger of schools more than a decade ago has led to problems such as students going to school far, expensive to go to school, and safety on the road. Lodging system itself is also harmful to students' physical and mental health.

The August 2019 report on basic education in Western China released by the thirty Member Forum of Chinese education shows that for a long time in the campus environment lacking family emotional care and monotonous cultural life, lodging students are more prominent in emotional, psychological and safety aspects. There are problems such as alienation between students and their parents, indifference between teachers and students, peer tensions, bad behavior habits, serious school weariness, campus bullying and frequent violence incidents.

Therefore, the guiding opinions clearly point out that, in principle, pupils in grades 1 to 3 do not have boarding schools, and they usually go to school and go to school nearby. Generally, the journey time does not exceed half an hour. The students in grade 4 to 6 are mainly attending school, and can lodge properly under the premise of accommodation, life, transportation and safety.

The guiding opinion also suggested that in the layout planning, the small schools should be strictly controlled according to the principles of "scientific assessment, retention and retention, first construction, withdrawal and active safety".

Educational circles believe that rural small schools and township boarding schools should cooperate with each other and have a rational layout. The above report points out that with the urbanization process, the reduction and mobility of school-age population and the trend of future development, the miniaturization of rural schools is inevitable. Many of the five or six hundred rural central schools will become small schools in many years.

According to the report, from the perspective of development, this is also the reality that most rural schools will face. Moreover, not only rural schools, but also future urban schools will go to "small classes and small schools".

Sun Dongmei, a professor at the Higher Education Research Institute of Lanzhou University, said: "both Chinese and foreign studies show that the smaller the school, the better the relationship between teachers and teachers, teachers and students. In the west, the smaller the school, the better the performance. "

 

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