How Big Is The Impact Of The Epidemic On Small And Micro Enterprises? Have All These National Policies Arrived At Get?

In order to understand and assess the impact of the new coronavirus outbreaks on small and micro enterprises, the economic daily - China postal savings bank small and micro enterprise operation index research group recently adopted a random sampling method to conduct a questionnaire survey of small and micro enterprises nationwide. A total of 2240 small and micro enterprise samples were selected, covering retail, manufacturing and other industries. Small businesses and individual businesses accounted for about half of the total. The findings show that -

The epidemic has caused a great impact on small and micro enterprises. More than 90% small and micro businesses have delayed the start of business, nearly 5 of enterprises have been delayed for more than two weeks, and a large proportion of enterprises have not yet set a timetable for starting work. The most important reason for postponing the operation is to extend the holiday due to the fight against the epidemic.

The performance of nearly 80% small and micro enterprises has been worse than normal. The main reasons are traffic control and reduction of downstream customer demand and insufficient supply of upstream raw materials. Traffic control is still the biggest cause of business difficulties in the coming period, and the shortage of funds and the fear of staff infection should not be overlooked.

Relying on their own funds, most small and micro enterprises are difficult to maintain operations for more than three months. If the impact of the epidemic continues, the biggest solution for small and micro enterprises is to change the direction of operation, and the possibility of reducing wages and layoffs is also greater.

For national policies, most of the small and micro enterprises still do not know much about the recent loose credit policies for enterprises, and the most needed ones are all kinds of subsidy policies, and various controls are relaxed. Although the policy has provided some support, it is still insufficient compared to demand.

The impact of the epidemic on enterprises is more serious.

A kind of

More than 90% small and micro enterprises start to delay, unified holiday delay is the main reason.

There are three reasons for the commonality. The unified delay is the main reason for the delay of the commencement of work. Secondly, the owners are worried about the delayed start of the epidemic. The third reason is that the employees are hard to return and delay construction. Relatively speaking, other non direct reasons such as insufficient orders are relatively small. At the same time, small scale enterprises are relatively small in proportion to the delay of holiday unification and relatively difficult for employees to return, compared with large enterprises.

Nearly 80% of enterprises' performance declined, traffic control and customer reduction were the main reasons.

On the whole, the biggest cause of business difficulties is the largest proportion of enterprises with traffic control or inadequate capacity (42.13%), followed by cash flow (19.97%) and employees who are infected with the virus (19.93%).

The duration of the enterprise's own funds is limited, but the epidemic is expected to be optimistic.

If the epidemic continues, there are 28.87% small and micro enterprises that can rely on their own funds to persist, think that enterprises can rely on their own funds to adhere to the operation for about three months, accounting for 25.56% of the total, its own funds can adhere to two months or less of the 20.87%, and its own funds can only adhere to a month and less than the proportion of enterprises accounted for 7.73%, a total of more than half of the small and micro enterprises can not adhere to more than three. Month. For different types and sizes of small and micro enterprises, this proportion is not very different.

Countermeasures and effectiveness

Enterprises will rely on their own funds for a short time, and will have to transform their businesses and be short of mortgage loans for a long time.

For small and micro enterprises, due to the low operating cost, the proportion of funds that is sufficient in the current state is 58.04%, and the proportion of applying for loans to banks is relatively low (18.68% of the applications are being applied, and 1.07% of the applications have not been approved). There is little difference between enterprises.

If the epidemic continues and affects the operation of enterprises, small and micro enterprises plan to take the most measures to further develop other markets (55%); secondly, reduce business acceptance (35.40%) and reduce salaries (14.02%), and then lay off workers (12.05%). Relatively speaking, the proportion of individual businesses or small businesses choosing to close their businesses is significantly higher.

The state needs greater subsidies and appropriate restrictions on relaxation.

In the face of the epidemic, small and micro enterprises most hope that the government will take actions to reduce taxes, direct subsidies and increase loans and interest rates. In terms of policy, small and micro enterprises need the government to reduce traffic control, reduce start-up control and allow flexible employment policies. Larger enterprises hope to get a higher proportion of tax deductions and direct subsidies.

Targeted improvement policy promotes landing validity

Based on these findings, we believe that in order to stabilize the micro economy, policies should be further promoted in the following aspects:

The first is to continue to increase direct support to small and micro enterprises, including tax and tax relief, direct subsidy and loan interest discount. These have a direct and rapid effect on small and micro businesses with sharp decline in revenues. The executive body is mainly local governments, and the central government can give special transfer payment support according to the number of local enterprises and the number of employees.

The second is to relax various controls as soon as conditions permit. It is known that severe traffic control in serious epidemic areas, such as Wuhan, shows that traffic restriction is universal in the whole country, and is the biggest factor affecting the future operation of small and micro enterprises. The local government should relax the traffic restrictions when considering the development of local epidemic situation. Similar proposals are also applicable to start up restrictions.

Third, at the same time of policy implementation, we should pay special attention to increasing publicity efforts. Because many enterprises do not know the policies that have been implemented at present, this will not be conducive to the validity of the policy. The reason is that when different departments support different policies, the propaganda ability of each department is different. It should be released at regular intervals by the most coherent media collection policy.

Impact of current epidemic on small and micro enterprises and Countermeasures

The survey found that most small and micro enterprises still do not know much about the recent loose credit policies for enterprises. Here, @ small and micro business owners: enterprises should not be afraid during the epidemic period. Your anxiety is centered on you.

In February 3rd, the Standing Committee of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee once again conducted a special study on the epidemic. The meeting mentioned that we should fully support and organize all kinds of production enterprises to resume work and resume production on the premise of doing a good job in the prevention and control work. At present, various measures have been introduced from the central government to the local authorities to support small and micro enterprises, and support small and micro enterprises to tide over the difficulties.

Central ministries and committees fully deployed

In order to fully support enterprises in fighting against the epidemic, recently, policies such as taxation, finance and so on have been promulgated. It is clear that enterprises' tax reduction and exemption, preferential policies and so on, will help enterprises to stabilize production and "light up the battle array".

Financial support

The central government arranges interest discount funds to reduce the financing cost of enterprises.

The five departments such as the Ministry of Finance issued the "urgent notice on winning the epidemic prevention and control and strengthening the prevention and control of epidemic situation and ensuring the support of enterprises' funds." on the basis of the special refinancing of the people's Bank of China to support the financial institutions providing preferential interest rate and credit support, the central government made interest payments of 50% of the loan interest rate according to the enterprise's actual interest rate. The discount period shall not exceed 1 years.

We should not blindly borrow loans, break loans, and pressure loans.

The central bank and other five departments issued the notice on further strengthening financial support to prevent and control the epidemic of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus, increasing credit and medium and long-term loans, and reducing the cost of comprehensive financing. Enterprises that are temporarily affected by the epidemic will not blindly borrow, break loans or pressure loans.

Tax cut and fee reduction

The loss of the four category of difficult industry enterprises in 2020 will be extended to 8 years.

The Ministry of Finance and the General Administration of Taxation issued a notice on the prevention and control of pneumonia related to the new coronavirus infection, and the loss of the most difficult industry enterprises affected by the epidemic in 2020 has been extended from 5 years to 8 years. There are four major categories of enterprises in difficult industries, including transportation, catering, accommodation, tourism (two categories of travel agencies and related services, and scenic spot management). The specific judging standards are implemented according to the current classification of the national economy.

Exemption from registration fees for medical device products

The Ministry of Finance and the national development and Reform Commission announced on 2020 eleventh that medical products registration fees should be exempted from access to the medical equipment emergency approval procedures and new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) related products. Drug registration fees should be exempted from drugs entering the special examination and approval procedures, treatment and prevention of new coronavirus (2019-nCoV) infection.

Anti epidemic donations can be deducted in full when calculating taxable income.

The Ministry of Finance and the General Administration of Taxation issued the notice on the prevention and control of the donation of new types of coronavirus infection and the tax policy on donations. Enterprises and individuals donated cash and articles to cope with the epidemic of pneumonia caused by new coronavirus infection through public welfare social organizations or state organs at or above the county level, allowing the amount of taxable income to be calculated. Full deduction and so on.

Reducing electricity consumption cost during epidemic prevention and control

The national development and Reform Commission issued the notice on adopting a supportive two part tariff policy to reduce the cost of electricity consumption during the period of epidemic prevention and control. It will release the period of change and reduction of capacity (suspension) of electricity tariff metering. Users can apply for capacity reduction, suspension, reduction of capacity and recovery. If the original option is to pay the electricity charge according to the maximum demand of the contract, the actual maximum amount shall not be limited by the maximum requirement of the contract, and the excess part shall be taken according to the actual amount.

80% travel quality guarantee refund to travel agents

The Ministry of culture and tourism issued a notice on the withdrawal of part of the quality of tourism service quality to support travel agencies' response to operational difficulties, and returned some travel service quality margin to travel agencies, leaving the standard for the current payment of 80%. The deposit frozen by the court is not within the scope of this time limit.

Hard nuclear measures are introduced everywhere

At the same time, the central ministries and commissions have deployed many measures to help enterprises.

Shanghai

In February 7th, Shanghai issued 28 comprehensive policy initiatives, including the reduction of corporate rentals, the extension of declaration and payment of taxes, the exemption from the regular quota of individual industrial and commercial households' tax burden, the temporary refund of the quality of service guarantee for tourism, the subsidy for cultural and industrial construction, the stabilization of unemployment insurance policies, the postponing of the adjustment of the social security payment base, the extension of the social insurance payment period, and the downgrading of staff and workers. Premium rate and so on.

Guangdong

Guangdong has put forward 20 policy measures, including reducing the burden of social insurance, implementing unemployment insurance, stabilizing posts and repaying, issuing subsidies for stabilizing jobs, reducing taxes and fees, lessen the rent of enterprises, and increase financial support for technological transformation.

Shenzhen

In February 7th, Shenzhen issued 16 measures, including the reduction of property rents, the delay in the payment of social insurance premiums, the reduction of the cost of electricity and electricity, the delay in payment and reduction of taxes, and the increase in efforts to stabilize posts.

Chongqing

In February 4th, Chongqing promulgated 20 policies, including tax relief, delayed payment of taxes, social insurance premiums, implementation of epidemic prevention and stabilization policies, reduction of the burden of housing provident fund payment, reduction of rent, reduction of the burden of electricity consumption and reduction of the credit balance of small and micro enterprises.

Sichuan

In February 5th, Sichuan promulgated 13 measures, including: reducing the rent of small and medium enterprises, reducing taxes, extending the payment period of social security declaration, phasing down the related social security premium rates, increasing financial support and increasing support for stabilizing posts.

Shandong

In February 4th, Shandong promulgated 20 policy measures, including the reduction and exemption of related taxes and fees, the delay in payment of taxes, the payment of social insurance premiums, the reduction of rent for small and medium enterprises, the increase in support for loan guarantees, and the strengthening of stability.

Zhejiang

In February 5th, Zhejiang promulgated 16 measures, including reducing the cost of electricity and gas logistics for small and micro enterprises, reducing taxes and fees for small and micro enterprises, postpone paying taxes, holding back social insurance premiums, returning unemployment insurance premiums, reducing rent for small and micro enterprises, assisting small and micro enterprise parks, and increasing premium subsidies for export credit insurance.

Hainan

In February 5th, Hainan promulgated 8 measures to support small and medium-sized enterprises to tide over difficulties, including: the payment of social security fees, the reduction of rent for housing, the reduction of the standard of housing provident fund payment, the deduction and exemption of some taxes and fees, and the delay in payment of taxes.

Liaoning

In February 6th, Liaoning promulgated 25 policies, including: the payment of social insurance premiums, the implementation of the policy of stabilizing the posts and taxes, the reduction and exemption of taxes and charges of small and medium-sized enterprises, the reduction and exemption of the direct investment of enterprises in the provincial industry (venture) investment fund, the reduction of the rent of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the reduction of the cost pressure of the enterprise's energy consumption.

Shanxi

In February 6th, Shanxi promulgated 10 measures, including the reduction of rent, the suspension of social security, the reduction of tax revenue and the return of unemployment insurance.

Suzhou

In February 2nd, Suzhou promulgated 10 policies, including implementing the policy of stabilizing and helping the unemployed, postpone the payment of social insurance premiums, reducing the rent of small and medium enterprises, reducing the taxes and fees of small and medium-sized enterprises, postpone paying taxes, and supporting small and medium-sized enterprises' pioneering parks.

Support for resuming work! Help enterprises in action!

Small and medium enterprises play an increasingly important role in national economic and social development and become an important force in promoting economic development. Many small and medium enterprises are private enterprises, and their importance in economic society is self-evident. Data show that private enterprises "contribute more than 50% of tax revenue, more than 60% of GDP, and 80% of urban labor employment".

To protect enterprises is to ensure employment, and to ensure employment is to maintain the greatest livelihood. With the support policies in place, we expect the negative effects of the epidemic will gradually dissipate. Small and micro enterprises will be able to tide over difficulties and resume production.