Home >

Application Of Genetic Technology In The Field Of New Fiber Manufacturing

2011/2/3 20:45:00 100

Gene Technology Fiber

Abstract: at present, gene technology is being used in textile industry.

fibre

In the field of manufacture, genes have been used in natural fibers.

technology

Successful research and development of natural colored cotton and non wrinkle cotton fibers have been commercialization both at home and abroad. In recent years, colored wool has also attracted much attention.

Transgene

Although the chemical fiber like spider silk fiber is not mature, its prospect is undoubtedly very broad.


Key words: gene technology; imitation spider silk fiber; natural colored cotton fiber; no wrinkle cotton; no dyed wool.


Gene technology has become one of the most important science and technology in twenty-first Century due to the decoding of gene code and the progress of gene duplication and pplantation.

In the field of functional textile fiber, gene technology is gradually becoming the focus of scientists' research and development in science and technology competition. New research results are emerging.


  

1 imitation spider silk fiber


Spider silk is a special kind of protein. It is known as "a new generation of biological fiber material" that can change human life "[1]", because of its excellent mechanical properties such as good strength, good elasticity, large initial modulus and large fracture power, as well as light, ultraviolet resistance, high temperature resistance, low temperature resistance and biodegradability. It can be widely applied in various fields of production and life.


Spider silk has such excellent performance and wide application prospects, but the production of natural spider silk is extremely limited, and spiders are hard to breed. Therefore, the development of spider silk fiber has become a hot topic in the international fiber industry.


At present, pgenic technology of biotechnology is widely used in the world to manufacture spider like silk fibers.


  

1.1 make use of cow and goat milk to make spider silk fibers.


In early 1997, American biologist Anne Moore discovered that spiders named "black widows" in the south of the United States secreted two different types of silk for weaving.

One silk strength is two times stronger than that of other spider silk, and the other is rarely stretched before breaking, but has a high breaking strength, much higher than that of the aramid fiber that makes bulletproof vests.

In order to get the spider silk protein from black widow, the gene was injected into the placenta of the cow for special cultivation. When the cow grew, the milk contained "black widow" spider silk protein, then the spider silk protein was extracted from milk and processed by spinning processing equipment.

This fiber keeps the milk fiber exquisite and flexible, and its strength is 10 times higher than that of steel. Therefore, it is called "milk steel".

Since 1999, scientists in the US have used genetically modified methods to prepare and breed large quantities of genetically modified dairy cows to meet the demand for mass production of "milk steel" so as to produce bulletproof vest, lightweight helmets, parachute rope and other [2].


Nick west of Canada successfully used genetically modified goat milk to produce a small amount of spider silk.

The researchers pplanted the spider silk protein gene into the nucleus of goat fertilized eggs to produce pgenic goats, so that the pgenic goat's goat milk contained spider silk protein, and then added special solvents into the goat milk to extract the fibers comparable to the real spider silk.

This spider silk fiber can also have the toughness of natural spider silk compared to the real spider silk.

It is said that each goat can produce 3.65kg silk every year. The company has invested in the industrial and pharmaceutical biological products developed by this spider silk fiber, and can generate annual sales of [3] of up to US $100 million.


A few years ago, China began spinning spider silk fibers. Scientists succeeded in pferring spider silk protein gene to mice and successfully obtained spider silk protein from the milk of the first generation of white mice, and soon began to cultivate pgenic cows [4].


 

1.2 make use of Bombyx mori to create spider silk fibers.


After several years of tackling problems, scientists at the Institute of life sciences, biochemistry and cell biology, Shanghai Institute of Chinese Academy of sciences have solved a series of technical problems such as gene pfer, active gene identification and passage breeding of pgenic silkworm, and successfully applied the "electroporation" method to injecting genes from spider dragline silk into only half sesame large silkworm eggs, so that silkworms containing spider dragline silk proteins can be secreted.

This research is listed as a key project of the national "863" plan and is currently under way in [5].


  

1.3 making spider silk fibers from plants


The spider silk gene can be pplanted into human plants to produce pgenic plants that produce spider silk protein.

In the United States, spider silk gene has been reported to be pferred into tobacco leaf genes, so that tobacco leaves can produce spider silk protein in addition to nicotine production, and then the spinning solution [6] containing spider silk protein can be produced by rapid freezing, crushing and boiling.


  

1.4 using bioengineering technology to create spider silk fibers


Scientists have studied the spider silk protein and gland secretion by biochemical methods, separated the nucleotide sequence of spider silk protein gene, and set up a database.

Using DNA synthesis technology, we have successfully established a gene sequence model of different spider silk protein fragments. Using this model, we can produce a synthetic gene, which can produce 96.1% of the same product sequences as natural spider silk protein.

The next job is to produce this spider silk protein [7] on a large scale.


The US DuPont Co is working on bioengineering technology for large-scale spider silk production.

They first used advanced computer simulation technology to establish molecular models of various components of spider silk proteins, and then used genetic genetic synthesis technology to insert genes into yeasts or bacteria.

The silk like spider silk produced by this method has the characteristics of light weight, strong elasticity and elasticity. The fiber can reach 1/10 of real silk, and its intensity is 510 times [8] of the same fineness steel wire.


  

2 natural coloured cotton fiber


Colored cotton is a new type of cotton with natural color. It is organically cultivated without bleaching and dyeing. After being discarded, it can be recycled and has achieved zero pollution from fiber production to garment processing. Therefore, it is the first choice for green cotton textiles. It is one of the most potential green textiles in twenty-first Century.

Vigorously promoting the cultivation of natural colored cotton is particularly important in China. It will help break the "green trade barriers" of developed countries and open up a "green channel" for China's textile exports.


Color is a biological characteristic of cotton itself.

The color of the ancestors of cotton is colorful.

However, with the invention of dyeing technology, people can get all kinds of cotton by reprocessing, resulting in a large number of planting white cotton instead of cultivating and planting other colors of cotton, and gradually other colors of cotton are abandoned by human beings.

Entering the twentieth Century, the history of mankind has opened up a new chapter. The process of civilization has speeded up step by step, and the problem of environmental pollution has become increasingly prominent. It has become a major hidden trouble for human development in the world. At that time, people have a new understanding of colored cotton and find that it has an irreplaceable environmental advantage of white cotton.


Nowadays, the way to get natural colored cotton fiber is to search for the colored cotton living in ancient times from nature and domesticate and improve it as parents. Two, we should use pgenic technology, space breeding technology and other high-tech means to cultivate new varieties.


The Soviet Union began to study colored cotton as early as the beginning of 1950s. The United States joined the army of colored cotton in 60s. In 1972, American scientists succeeded in this field and made progress in the following decades.

In 1993, the United States began to research and develop the natural indigo cotton varieties for making blue denim, and inserted the genes controlling the blue in Indigo plants into plants and made them only in cotton fibers, so that only cotton fibers turned blue in the whole cotton plant.

[9] till now, most countries in the world are planting colored cotton in the United States, Russia, Egypt, Argentina and India. The main colors are brown, green, red, duck egg green, blue and black.


China has a long history of cotton cultivation. In 1819, the purple and cotton cloth was exported to Europe in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces.

Historically, due to the small yield of colored cotton and short fiber, it is not suitable for the textile industry, so it is difficult to make direct use in production.

In 70s, a small number of colored cotton had been planted in Henan and Anhui.

The official large-scale research and development of colored cotton in China was in 90s.

Our country introduced this technology in 1994, though it started late, but it developed very fast.

The color cotton varieties of brown, green, red, yellow, orange, purple and ash have been successfully planted. The yield of Mu has reached 95 kg to 113kg, and its quality is superior to the best varieties in the United States, reaching the international leading level [10].


 

3 natural "no wrinkle cotton"


Using biological gene technology, we can not only develop natural colored cotton, but also get the natural "non wrinkled cotton".

According to the American agricultural life technology company, they have developed "non wrinkled cotton" with exogenous genes.

The gene comes from bacteria that can produce PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate) polymer. The gene of this bacterium is introduced into cotton cells. The new cotton that grows out still retain its original water absorption and softness, but its heat preservation, strength and wrinkle resistance are all higher than those of ordinary cotton fibers.

Therefore, the shirts made of this "no wrinkle cotton" can be scalded free, thereby eliminating the effect of crease resistance on the human body with a large amount of formaldehyde.


  

4 no dyed wool


The color cotton fibers obtained from biological gene technology can solve the environmental pollution caused by dyeing products. The same idea also enlightens people to re understand the fibers of animal resources.


Some scholars have suggested that non dyed wool is also a kind of textile fiber which is beneficial to the ecological environment.

For green fiber no dyed wool products, the color of wool fabrics is the color of the original wool, such as milk white, brown, gray and so on, and does not need any other dyeing process [11].

In recent years, Australia has bred the sheep of the Sussex breed through the breeding of blue wool sheep. The sheep have not faded after several generations of breeding, and their wool quality is excellent.

Finding the dominant gene is expected to breed colored sheep. It is foreseeable that in the near future, natural colored wool will be added to the colored fiber family.


 

5 Conclusion


The third wave of biotechnology has swept the manufacturing of consumer goods such as textile materials, fuels and chemicals. New varieties of new textile fibers based on genetic technology will continue to emerge in the future and greatly improve people's lives.

  • Related reading

Breakthrough In Fiber Material Technology

Technology Extension
|
2011/1/30 9:46:00
74

American Two Asian Graduate Students Invented The "Sniffing Poison" T-Shirt &Nbsp, Which Can Detect Air Pollution.

Technology Extension
|
2011/1/28 18:42:00
55

Old Expert: Fiber Can Be Recycled.

Technology Extension
|
2011/1/28 15:17:00
65

Electromagnetic Radiation Resistant Textiles Will Be Used In Military Uniform Products.

Technology Extension
|
2011/1/27 16:59:00
65

Digital Jet Printing Process For High-Grade Wool Fabrics

Technology Extension
|
2011/1/26 14:34:00
56
Read the next article

The Most IN Sweater Collocation In Early Spring

Matching analysis: Retro mom sweater, mother wear mother's taste, I wear my taste, I am careful enough, in fact, such a degree of comfort is not difficult at all.